Hi, @amkjers! Have you looked at this site, called Word Reference? It provides meanings of words, synonyms, and example sentences very nicely! I find it very helpful! Please let us know if this is helpful to you–other members might benefit from it, also. https://www.wordreference.com
These are indeed synonyms, so I don’t have much to say about different uses (at least none that occur to me at the moment) In the first group, the word ‘rotar’ is rarely, if ever, used, so I’d stick to any of the other two. In the second group, ‘botar’ is much more common in Brazilian Portuguese, so I’d also only use either ‘pôr’ or ‘colocar’, with a preference for ‘pôr’ because it’s short and sweet. In the last group, I’d say that “medo” is stronger than “receio”. Here are some examples of use:
A Terra gira à volta do Sol = A Terra roda à volta do Sol = The Earth rotates around the Sun.
Vou pôr aqui as minhas coisas = Vou colocar aqui as minhas coisas = I’m going to put my things here.
Não deves temer o fracasso = Não deves recear o fracasso = You shouldn’t fear failure.