Hi, @matyas.pus! The podcast that @Molly linked to should be the one you were thinking of. The website does have a recently launched global search function you can use whenever you need. It can pick up words from any type of content/resource, from transcripts to even forum posts. It’s readily accessible from the menu bar:
Anyway, as you’ll hear in that podcast, Rui demonstrates the pronunciation of tem and têm and explains pretty thoroughly the difference between vêm (verb vir - to come) vs. veem (verb ver - to see). That leaves us with vem, pode and pôde, from your list.
Vem is pronounced with the exact same E sound as in tem.
Pode (present tense) is pronounced with a very open O, as in the English word “fox”:
Pôde (past tense) is pronounced with a more closed O, as in the English word “over”: