I’m still very new and am trying to get the different types of excuse/pardon me figured out. I can’t tell what I should say after coughing or sneezing. It seems to me that I would need that more often than the other examples they give.
I know it’s a minor question compared to others I see here—I’ll probably be back later. 
Thank you for any help.
Hey!
When someone sneezes, you can just respond with “santinho”. If you sneeze or cough, a simple desculpa (sculpa, if said fast) is appropriate.
Other phrases that can be useful:
@judy_l, for any bodily noises or actions (sneezing, burping…), we mostly use perdão. Desculpa/desculpe is also an acceptable alternative, as suggested by @janeinar.slethei. Com licença is not a preference in this context.